UNREGISTERED SSI SECTOR
REVIEW OF RESULTS

SIZE OF THE UNREGISTERED SSI SECTOR

5.1

The total size of the unregistered SSI sector is estimated to be 91,46,216. This comprises 38.75 % SSIs and 61.25 % SSSBEs. About 57 % of the units were located in rural areas.

5.2

As the overall industrial scenario indicated tremendous growth in the Services sector in the recent past, the unregistered SSI sector also showed the same trend. The sector consisted of 45.38 % units engaged in services, followed by 36.12 % units engaged in manufacturing activities and the remaining 18.5 % in repairing & maintenance.

CONCENTRATION OF UNREGISTERED SSI SECTOR

5.3

About 75.58% of the units in the unregistered SSI Sector were located in 10 States viz., Uttar Pradesh, Andhra Pradesh, West Bengal, Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Bihar, Rajasthan and Gujarat. The state-wise distribution of number of unregistered SSI units is given in the following table.

TABLE 13: DISTRIBUTION OF UNREGISTERED SSI UNITS

S. No.	Name of State/UT	Estimated no. of units in unregd. SSI Sector	Percentage to Total
1.	JAMMU & KASHMIR	58500	0.64
2.	HIMACHAL PRADESH	65307	0.71
3.	PUNJAB	311811	3.41
4.	CHANDIGARH	20966	0.23
5.	UTTARANCHAL	91199	1.00
6.	HARYANA	183710	2.01
7.	DELHI	169720	1.86
8.	RAJASTHAN	398427	4.36
9.	UTTAR PRADESH	1545039	16.89
10.	BIHAR	467244	5.11
11.	SIKKIM	194	0.00
12.	ARUNACHAL PRADESH	997	0.01
13.	NAGALAND	13293	0.15
14.	MANIPUR	43400	0.47
15.	MIZORAM	8383	0.09
16.	TRIPURA	23393	0.26
17.	MEGHALAYA	20581	0.23
18.	ASSAM	179926	1.97
19.	WEST BENGAL	729240	7.97
20.	JHARKHAND	114124	1.25
21.	ORISSA	375911	4.11
22.	CHHATTISGARH	229991	2.51
23.	MADHYA PRADESH	691613	7.56
24.	GUJARAT	391777	4.28
25. & 26.	DAMAN & DIU & DADRA & NAGAR HAVELI	1291	0.01
27.	MAHARASHTRA	720470	7.88
28.	ANDHRA PRADESH	812513	8.88
29.	KARNATAKA	548334	6.00
30.	GOA	4958	0.05
31.	LAKSHADWEEP	464	0.01
32.	KERALA	305838	3.34
33.	TAMIL NADU	607933	6.65
34.	PONDICHERRY	7139	0.08
35.	ANDAMAN & NICOBAR ISLANDS	2530	0.03
All India		9146216	100.00

5.4

The top 100 districts in the country in terms of number of unregistered SSI units were identified. Districts of Medinipur in West Bengal and Bangalore in Karnataka have more than one lakh unregistered SSI units each. The top 100 districts had a share of 46.29 % units in the unregistered SSI Sector. The list of these districts along with number of unregistered SSI units is given in Table No. UR1 given in the Appendix. This list will help the concerned State Governments to plan bringing more and more units into the ambit of registration.

TYPE OF UNIT

5.5

About 52 % of the SSIs were concentrated in five States, viz., Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal, Bihar, Bihar, Madhya Pradesh and Andhra Pradesh. With regard to SSSBEs, the five States, viz., Uttar Pradesh, Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Maharashtra and Madhya Pradesh together had a share of about 51 %.

TABLE 14: PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION OF UNREGD. SSIS, ANCILLARIES & SSSBES OVER STATES

S. No.	Name of State/UT	Estimated no. of Units
S. No.	Name of State/UT	SSIs	Ancillary	SSSBEs
1.	JAMMU & KASHMIR	0.82	0.71	0.52
2.	HIMACHAL PRADESH	0.92	0.39	0.59
3.	PUNJAB	2.75	3.94	3.83
4.	CHANDIGARH	0.15	0.00	0.28
5.	UTTARANCHAL	0.68	0.02	1.20
6.	HARYANA	1.26	0.60	2.48
7.	DELHI	1.54	1.51	2.05
8.	RAJASTHAN	4.27	2.75	4.41
9.	UTTAR PRADESH	18.56	9.36	15.84
10.	BIHAR	7.48	4.63	3.61
11.	SIKKIM	0.00	0.00	0.00
12.	ARUNACHAL PRADESH	0.01	0.00	0.01
13.	NAGALAND	0.34	10.12	0.02
14.	MANIPUR	0.81	0.85	0.27
15.	MIZORAM	0.11	0.83	0.08
16.	TRIPURA	0.17	0.02	0.31
17.	MEGHALAYA	0.34	0.00	0.15
18.	ASSAM	2.19	0.38	1.83
19.	WEST BENGAL	11.75	6.83	5.58
20.	JHARKHAND	2.00	2.18	0.77
21.	ORISSA	6.64	3.72	2.51
22.	CHHATTISGARH	1.87	0.28	2.92
23.	MADHYA PRADESH	7.27	1.35	7.74
24.	GUJARAT	2.72	10.87	5.28
25. & 26.	DAMAN & DIU & DADRA & NAGAR HAVELI	0.01	0.00	0.02
27.	MAHARASHTRA	6.43	13.82	8.79
28.	ANDHRA PRADESH	6.82	5.95	10.19
29.	KARNATAKA	5.33	6.96	6.42
30.	GOA	0.06	0.15	0.05
31.	LAKSHADWEEP	0.01	0.00	0.00
32.	KERALA	3.38	6.46	3.32
33.	TAMIL NADU	3.21	5.15	8.82
34.	PONDICHERRY	0.05	0.18	0.10
35.	ANDAMAN & NICOBAR ISLANDS	0.05	0.00	0.01
All India		100.00	100.00	100.00

5.6

The sector-wise percentage distribution of SSIs and SSSBEs in the unregistered SSI Sector is given in the following table, State-wise.

TABLE 15: STATE-WISE AND SECTOR-WISE PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION OF UNREGD. SSI UNITS

S. No.	Name of State/UT	No. of unregd. SSIs (%)		No. of unregd. SSSBEs (%)		Total
S. No.	Name of State/UT	Rural	Urban	Rural	Urban	Total
1.	JAMMU & KASHMIR	36.62	13.12	33.80	16.45	100.00
2.	HIMACHAL PRADESH	47.61	2.13	39.93	10.32	100.00
3.	PUNJAB	10.69	20.58	32.15	36.59	100.00
4.	CHANDIGARH	20.58	20.58	32.15	36.59	100.00
5.	UTTARANCHAL	17.44	8.83	23.99	49.74	100.00
6.	HARYANA	10.56	13.85	28.50	47.09	100.00
7.	DELHI	1.27	30.94	2.29	65.50	100.00
8.	RAJASTHAN	25.04	12.91	32.76	29.29	100.00
9.	UTTAR PRADESH	32.23	10.35	33.28	24.13	100.00
10.	BIHAR	48.87	7.91	28.61	14.61	100.00
11.	SIKKIM	27.32	23.20	0.00	49.48	100.00
12.	ARUNACHAL PRADESH	2.21	18.76	6.32	72.72	100.00
13.	NAGALAND	81.53	10.26	3.18	5.03	100.00
14.	MANIPUR	54.31	11.48	19.51	14.70	100.00
15.	MIZORAM	20.17	25.11	41.21	13.50	100.00
16.	TRIPURA	9.34	16.12	28.42	46.12	100.00
17.	MEGHALAYAIQ	46.92	12.04	2.13	38.91	100.00
18.	ASSAM	36.37	6.77	39.58	17.28	100.00
19.	WEST BENGAL	36.91	20.19	19.63	23.27	100.00
20.	JHARKHAND	52.06	9.92	22.37	15.65	100.00
21.	ORISSA	57.86	4.76	25.14	12.23	100.00
22.	CHHATTISGARH	24.40	4.49	48.18	22.93	100.00
23.	MADHYA PRADESH	28.00	9.28	34.16	28.56	100.00
24.	GUJARAT	15.30	9.27	32.22	43.21	100.00
25. & 26.	DAMAN & DIU & DADRA & NAGAR HAVELI	14.72	11.08	24.71	49.50	100.00
27.	MAHARASHTRA	18.01	13.65	29.61	38.74	100.00
28.	ANDHRA PRADESH	16.53	13.22	29.37	40.88	100.00
29.	KARNATAKA	21.20	13.23	28.04	37.53	100.00
30.	GOA	17.77	25.27	21.20	35.76	100.00
31.	LAKSHADWEEP	6.68	65.95	0.86	26.51	100.00
32.	KERALA	32.82	6.33	44.09	16.76	100.00
33.	TAMIL NADU	6.26	12.48	30.27	51.00	100.00
34.	PONDICHERRY	6.21	16.32	22.59	54.88	100.00
35.	ANDAMAN & NICOBAR ISLANDS	67.79	5.69	10.00	16.52	100.00
All India		26.69	12.07	30.16	31.09	100.00

5.7

The share of SSIs in terms of number of units was 38.75 % and 2.44 % of these were ancillaries. The share of SSSBEs in terms of number of units was 61.25 % and their contribution to investment was more than 50 %. They generated employment to 51 % and had a share of about 41 % in the total gross output of the sector.

TABLE 16: PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION OF PRINCIPAL CHARACTERISTICS BY TYPE OF UNIT

Type of Unit	No.of Unregd. Units	Market Value of Fixed Assets	Original Value of P & M	Employment	Gross Output	Export
SSI	38.75	44.45	47.37	48.64	58.67	97.32
SSSBE	61.25	55.55	52.63	51.36	41.33	2.68
All India	100.00	100.00	100.00	100.00	100.00	100.00
ANCILLARY among SSIs	2.44	4.16	4.43	2.81	2.72	0.55

REGISTRATION

5.8

Registration of units is mandatory under the Factories Act. The criteria for registration under the Factories Act are in terms of number of workers. Manufacturing units with 10 or more workers and using power are registered under Section 2 (m) (i) of the Act whereas those with 20 or more workers and not using power are registered under Section 2 (m) (ii) of the Act. The registration under Sections 85 (i) and 85 (ii) is mandatory only for those units not falling under the criteria for Sections 2 (m) (i) and 2 (m) (ii) and which are engaged in the manufacturing activities specified by the concerned State Government. In the Third Census information was collected on the status of registration under the Factories Act. It is estimated that 42,044 units were registered under Sections 2 (m) (i) and 2 (m) (ii) whereas 1,07,234 units were registered under Sections 85 (i) and 85 (ii) of the Factories Act. This shows that out of 49,96,029 units engaged in manufacturing and repairing/ maintenance, 1,49,278 units (3 %) although not registered in the SSI sector were registered under the mandatory provisions of the Factories Act. The State-wise estimates are given in the following table.

TABLE 17: STATUS OF REGISTRATION UNDER FACTORIES ACT

S. No.	Name of State/ UT	Estimated no. of units registered under Factories Act
S. No.	Name of State/ UT	Section 2(m)(i) or 2(m)(ii)	Section 85 (i) or 85(ii)
1	JAMMU & KASHMIR	0	27
2	HIMACHAL PRADESH	87	59
3	PUNJAB	1865	5012
4	CHANDIGARH	10	4
5	UTTARANCHAL	188	68
6	HARYANA	1101	2862
7	DELHI	2522	2910
8	RAJASTHAN	1055	6199
9	UTTAR PRADESH	7016	12692
10	BIHAR	2474	2620
11	SIKKIM	0	0
12	ARUNACHAL PRADESH	0	0
13	NAGALAND	27	2912
14	MANIPUR	28	3372
15	MIZORAM	0	0
16	TRIPURA	116	138
17	MEGHALAYA	0	0
18	ASSAM	153	1462
19	WEST BENGAL	1833	3842
20	JHARKHAND	681	748
21	ORISSA	225	1697
22	CHHATTISGARH	465	2467
23	MADHYA PRADESH	3470	6103
24	GUJARAT	465	1354
25 & 26	DAMAN & DIU & DADRA & NAGAR HAVELI	230	170
27	MAHARASHTRA	4226	8871
28	ANDHRA PRADESH	10650	27368
29	KARNATAKA	1481	9895
30	GOA	24	134
31	LAKSHADWEEP	0	0
32	KERALA	480	960
33	TAMIL NADU	1114	3144
34	PONDICHERRY	58	144
35	ANDAMAN & NICOBAR ISLANDS	0	0
All India		42044	107234

REASONS FOR NON-REGISTRATION IN SSI SECTOR

5.9

Registration with the District Industries Centre (DIC) as SSI or SSSBE is voluntary. Hence, in the sample survey of unregistered SSI sector, main reason for non-registration by the selected unit was ascertained. It was found that 53.13 % of the units did not register because they were not aware of the provisions for registration. About 39.86 % of the entrepreneurs stated that they were not interested. State-wise and Industry-wise analysis of the reasons for non-registration are given in the tables UR2 and UR3 respectively, in the Appendix. Analysis of the reasons by nature of activity is given in the following table. It can be seen that in about 26 % of the units, the reason was that the concerned entrepreneurs were not aware of the provisions, as the units were engaged in Services.

TABLE 18: REASONS FOR NONREGISTRATION IN SSI SECTOR, BY NATURE OF ACTIVITY

Nature of Activity	Not Interested	Complicated procedure	Clearance Not Available from Municipality etc	Local Laws/ Regulations do not Permit	Not Aware of such a Provision
Manufacturing/ Assembly/ Processing	15.47	1.36	0.36	1.25	17.69
Repairing and Maintenance	7.28	0.83	0.33	0.17	9.90
Services	17.11	1.68	0.69	0.35	25.55
Total	39.86	3.87	1.38	1.76	53.13

DURATION OF OPERATION

5.10

About 83 % of the units in the unregistered SSI sector operated for more than 9 months during the reference period. Details are given sector-wise in the following table.

TABLE 19: DURATION OF OPERATION OF UNREGD. UNITS DURING THE REFERENCE PERIOD

No. of months	Percentage of number of units
No. of months	Rural	Urban	Total
up to 1 month	0.15	0.17	0.32
1 to 2	0.25	0.15	0.39
2 to 3	0.65	0.24	0.88
3 to 4	0.82	0.22	1.04
4 to 5	0.94	0.20	1.14
5 to 6	1.87	0.52	2.39
6 to 7	1.62	0.51	2.13
7 to 8	2.77	1.05	3.82
8 to 9	3.13	1.45	4.58
9 to 10	8.27	5.30	13.57
10 to 11	10.53	7.90	18.43
11 to 12	25.76	25.56	51.31
Total	56.76	43.24	100.00

YEAR OF INITIAL PRODUCTION

5.11

Most of the units in the unregistered SSI sector were of recent origin. The following table gives details of number of units with reference to their year of initial production. It can be seen that about 78 % of the units entered the industrial arena in the nineties and thereafter.

TABLE 20: DIST. OF UNREGD.UNITS BY YEAR OF INITIAL PROD

Year of Initial Production	Number of Unregistered units	Percentage to Total
Up To 1957	147862	1.62
1958	2777	0.03
1959	1792	0.02
1960-65	46357	0.51
1966-74	146574	1.60
1975-76	86745	0.95
1977-79	141121	1.54
1980-84	367854	4.02
1985-90	1026273	11.22
1991-96	2504134	27.38
1997-98	2051883	22.44
1999-00	1942741	21.24
2001-03	610289	6.67
Not Recorded	69814	0.76
Total	9146216	100.00

5.12

It was found that about 77 % of the total value of Plant & Machinery was installed during the period 1990-2001 and 74 % of the units in the sector were covered in this process. The following table gives the details.

TABLE 21: YEAR-WISE PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION OF P & M INSTALLED (ALL INDIA)

Year of Installation	Proportion of P & M installed (%)	Proportion of units (%)
1998	5	12.20
1999	11.30	11.36
1997	10.73	8.44
2000	8.63	8.15
1996	6.73	7.07
1995	5.53	6.79
2001	5.45	4.32
1992	5.09	3.87
1993	3.99	2.29
1990	3.21	4.44
1994	2.99	3.40
1991	1.25	1.46
Total	77.05	73.79

PRINCIPAL CHARACTERISTICS

5.13

It was estimated that the unregistered SSI Sector comprising 91,46,216 units with a fixed investment of Rs. 62,55,660 lakhs and original investment in plant and machinery of Rs.24, 56, 492 lakhs generated employment for 1,87,69,284 persons and gross output worth Rs. 79,01,536 lakhs. The percentage distribution of these principal characteristics State-wise is given in the following table.

TABLE 22: STATE-WISE PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION OF PRINCIPAL CHARACTERISTICS

S. No.	Name of the State/ UT	Market Value of Fixed Assets	Original Value of P & M	Employment	Gross Output	Export
1	JAMMU & KASHMIR	0.54	0.56	0.54	0.61	0.04
2	HIMACHAL PRADESH	0.30	0.45	0.49	0.35	0.02
3	PUNJAB	6.73	4.41	3.04	8.13	89.69
4	CHANDIGARH	0.28	0.49	0.20	0.54	0.00
5	UTTARANCHAL	1.16	1.46	0.82	0.64	0.16
6	HARYANA	3.57	5.71	1.66	6.18	0.07
7	DELHI	6.74	3.85	2.88	10.46	2.28
8	RAJASTHAN	3.89	5.66	3.56	3.13	0.87
9	UTTAR PRADESH	15.58	14.54	18.22	13.46	1.16
10	BIHAR	3.26	3.45	5.04	3.42	0.17
11	SIKKIM	0.00	0.01	0.00	0.00	0.00
12	ARUNACHAL PRADESH	0.02	0.01	0.01	0.02	0.00
13	NAGALAND	0.34	0.55	0.28	0.34	0.36
14	MANIPUR	0.45	0.37	0.62	0.48	0.00
15	MIZORAM	0.09	0.16	0.08	0.09	0.00
16	TRIPURA	0.13	0.18	0.24	0.18	0.02
17	MEGHALAYA	0.16	0.23	0.29	0.28	0.00
18	ASSAM	0.98	1.46	1.94	2.73	0.55
19	WEST BENGAL	5.52	5.64	10.20	11.57	0.49
20	JHARKHAND	0.39	0.72	1.09	0.61	0.23
21	ORISSA	1.65	2.46	4.49	2.55	0.27
22	CHHATTISGARH	1.26	1.42	2.35	1.07	0.04
23	MADHYA PRADESH	2.48	5.29	5.83	2.89	0.41
24	GUJARAT	4.72	2.40	3.67	3.49	0.02
25 & 26	DAMAN & DIU & DADRA & NAGAR HAVELI	0.16	0.08	0.02	0.89	0.00
27	MAHARASHTRA	14.92	11.39	7.57	8.10	0.61
28	ANDHRA PRADESH	9.80	10.25	9.36	6.88	0.29
29	KARNATAKA	5.89	6.87	6.19	4.31	0.48
30	GOA	0.25	0.40	0.07	0.29	0.00
31	LAKSHADWEEP	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.00
32	KERALA	3.30	3.09	3.06	2.11	0.23
33	TAMIL NADU	5.31	6.26	6.05	4.07	1.55
34	PONDICHERRY	0.10	0.13	0.08	0.08	0.00
35	ANDAMAN & NICOBAR ISLANDS	0.03	0.04	0.03	0.04	0.00
All India		100.00	100.00	100.00	100.00	100.00

5.14

It can be seen from the above table, that in terms of market value of fixed assets, the top five States were Uttar Pradesh, Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh, Delhi and Punjab with a total share of 53.78 %. In terms of Original value of Plant & Machinery, the States of Uttar Pradesh, Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka and Tamil Nadu being on top had a share of 49.31 %. In terms of employment, the top five States were Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal, Andhra Pradesh, Maharashtra and Karnataka with a total share of 51.54 %. With regard to Gross output, the States of Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal, Delhi, Punjab and Maharashtra together had a share of 51.72 %.

TYPE OF ORGANISATION

5.15

About 97 % of the units in the unregistered SSI sector were proprietary units. They had the lion share in all aspects of the sector. The following table gives the details.

TABLE 23: PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION OF PRINCIPAL CHARACTERISTICS BY TYPE OF ORGANISATION

Type of Org.	No. of Unregd. Units	Market Value of Fixed Assets	Original Value of P & M	Employment	Gross Output	Export
Proprietary or HUF	96.90	92.54	91.51	95.10	88.25	97.86
Partnership	1.13	3.86	3.88	2.41	5.50	1.70
Pvt. Company	0.42	1.55	2.19	0.62	3.34	0.07
Cooperative	0.11	0.14	0.12	0.26	0.17	0.00
Others	1.44	1.91	2.30	1.60	2.74	0.37
All India	100.00	100.00	100.00	100.00	100.00	100.00

TYPE OF MANAGEMENT

5.16

About 9.63 % of the units were managed by women as against 57 % units managed by entrepreneurs belonging to socially backward classes.

TABLE 24: PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION OF PRINCIPAL CHARACTERISTICS BY TYPE OF MANAGEMENT

Type of Management	No. of Unregd. Units	Market Value of Fixed Assets	Original Value of P & M	Employment	Gross Output	Export
Male	90.37	93.96	95.32	92.38	95.28	99.72
Female	9.63	6.04	4.68	7.62	4.72	0.28
All India	100.00	100.00	100.00	100.00	100.00	100.00
SC	10.32	5.76	5.08	8.88	5.87	0.51
ST	5.19	3.07	3.21	5.00	2.65	0.49
OBC	41.67	31.69	35.26	38.90	30.82	3.08
Others	42.82	59.48	56.45	47.21	60.66	95.92

MAIN SOURCE OF POWER

5.17

About 44 % of the units used electricity as the main source of power, whereas 42 % did not need any power for running the enterprise.

TABLE 25: PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION OF PRINCIPAL CHARACTERISTICS BY TYPE OF POWER USED

Type of Power	No. of Unregd. Units	Market Value of Fixed Assets	Original Value of P & M	Employment	Gross Output	Export
No Power Needed	42.15	20.09	16.25	38.08	22.07	1.32
Coal	3.23	3.48	1.68	4.56	2.89	0.36
Oil	6.07	5.53	8.22	6.32	5.46	0.97
LPG	0.60	0.78	0.55	0.67	1.76	0.07
Electricity	44.01	67.57	71.21	45.45	64.54	96.96
Non-Conventional Energy	0.66	0.41	0.36	0.61	0.43	0.04
Traditional Energy/ Firewood	3.28	2.13	1.73	4.31	2.84	0.29
All India	100.00	100.00	100.00	100.00	100.00	100.00

NATURE OF ACTIVITY

5.18

The unregistered SSI sector was dominated by the Services sector with a share of about 45 % of the units. The manufacturing units numbered 36 % followed by units engaged in repair and maintenance with a share of 18.5 % in terms of number of units. The share in output of the manufacturing sector was more (about 56 %) compared to the other two sectors. The following table gives the details of shares of the three sectors in terms of different characteristics.

TABLE 26: PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION OF PRINCIPAL CHARACTERISTICS BY NATURE OF ACTIVITY

Nature of Activity	No. of Unregd. Units	Market Value of Fixed Assets	Original Value of P & M	Employment	Gross Output	Export
Manufacturing/ Assembly/ Processing	36.12	41.08	42.80	46.06	55.97	97.00
Repairing & Maintenance	18.50	15.62	11.09	15.53	11.71	1.55
Services	45.38	43.30	46.11	38.41	32.31	1.45
All India	100.00	100.00	100.00	100.00	100.00	100.00

MAINTENANCE OF ACCOUNTS

5.19

The Third Census revealed that only 6.54 % of the units maintained accounts. This proportion was more in respect of Partnerships, Cooperatives and Private companies. Details are given in the following table.

TABLE 27: STATUS OF MAINTENANCE OF ACCOUNTS

Type of organization	Proportion (%) of units Maintaining Accounts among
Proprietary or HUF	6.17
Parthership	21.46
Pvt.Company	17.11
Cooperative	18.94
Others	15.54
Total	6.54

TECHNICAL KNOW-HOW

5.20

About 88.91 % of the units in the sector depended totally on their own skills, whereas 5.58 % of the units depended on the technical know-how obtained from domestic collaborating company/ unit. Another 4.84 % of the units obtained technical know-how from Domestic R&D Institution/ Special Agency/ Organisation whereas the number of units obtaining technical know-how from abroad was only 0.67 %. The State-wise details are given in table no. UR4 in the Appendix.

NATURE OF OPERATION

5.21

Over 92 % of the units in the sector were operated on perennial basis, whereas 5.52 % were seasonal units. The casual units were 2.39 % and these would be normally prone to sickness.

TABLE 28: PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION OF PRINCIPAL CHARACTERISTICS BY NATURE OF OPERATION

Nature of Operation	No. of Unregd. Units	Market Value of Fixed Assets	Original Value of P & M	Employment	Gross Output	Export
Perennial	92.09	93.11	92.36	89.41	91.23	10.31
Seasonal	5.52	5.20	6.00	8.38	7.42	89.59
Casual	2.39	1.69	1.64	2.21	1.35	0.10
All India	100.00	100.00	100.00	100.00	100.00	100.00

5.22

The percentage distribution of units in the unregistered SSI sector, State-wise by nature of operation is given in the following table. The details of top 20 economic activities in each of the three categories are given in table no. UR5 in the Appendix.

TABLE 29: STATE-WISE PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION OF UNREGD. UNITS BY NATURE OF OPERATION

S. No.	Name of State/UT	Percentage No. of Units Having Nature of Operation			Total
S. No.	Name of State/UT	Perennial	Seasonal	Casual	Total
1	JAMMU & KASHMIR	91.55	6.31	2.14	100.00
2	HIMACHAL PRADESH	92.33	4.26	3.41	100.00
3	PUNJAB	94.48	3.67	1.85	100.00
4	CHANDIGARH	91.53	4.16	4.31	100.00
5	UTTARANCHAL	97.97	1.98	0.06	100.00
6	HARYANA	94.54	4.05	1.40	100.00
7	DELHI	96.66	1.85	1.49	100.00
8	RAJASTHAN	95.39	3.38	1.23	100.00
9	UTTAR PRADESH	93.39	5.95	0.65	100.00
10	BIHAR	88.64	10.53	0.83	100.00
11	SIKKIM	93.81	6.19	0.00	100.00
12	ARUNACHAL PRADESH	100.00	0.00	0.00	100.00
13	NAGALAND	99.37	0.55	0.08	100.00
14	MANIPUR	77.11	14.52	8.37	100.00
15	MIZORAM	86.58	11.85	1.57	100.00
16	TRIPURA	96.73	3.16	0.10	100.00
17	MEGHALAYA	97.62	2.38	0.00	100.00
18	ASSAM	95.63	3.57	0.80	100.00
19	WEST BENGAL	94.16	3.09	2.75	100.00
20	JHARKHAND	94.58	5.14	0.28	100.00
21	ORISSA	81.74	13.18	5.08	100.00
22	CHHATTISGARH	93.13	5.18	1.69	100.00
23	MADHYA PRADESH	91.46	6.68	1.86	100.00
24	GUJARAT	96.66	3.25	0.09	100.00
25 & 26	DAMAN & DIU & DADRA & NAGAR HAVELI	97.13	2.87	0.00	100.00
27	MAHARASHTRA	91.56	6.64	1.80	100.00
28	ANDHRA PRADESH	89.59	4.93	5.49	100.00
29	KARNATAKA	87.52	8.06	4.42	100.00
30	GOA	96.41	1.49	2.10	100.00
31	LAKSHADWEEP	92.89	7.11	0.00	100.00
32	KERALA	91.40	2.96	5.64	100.00
33	TAMIL NADU	93.84	2.29	3.87	100.00
34	PONDICHERRY	94.50	4.68	0.83	100.00
35	ANDAMAN & NICOBAR ISLANDS	99.53	0.00	0.47	100.00
All India		92.09	5.52	2.39	100.00

GROSS OUTPUT

5.23

The gross output in the unregistered SSI sector is estimated to be Rs.79,01,536 lakhs. About 51.39 % of this was from 95.39 % of the units each contributing up to Rs. One lakh output. Details are given in the following table.

TABLE 30: PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION OF PRINCIPAL CHARACTERISTICS, BY GROSS OUTPUT SLABS

Gross Output Slabs (Rs. Lakhs)	No. of Units	Employment	Fixed Capital	Original P & M	Gross Output	Export
Up to 1	95.39	88.24	77.21	77.69	51.39	4.52
1 to 2	2.11	3.86	6.34	5.43	5.82	0.27
2 to 5	1.52	3.55	6.37	7.00	7.11	1.57
5 to 10	0.54	1.98	3.78	3.39	4.83	0.56
10 to 15	0.15	0.77	1.35	1.31	2.29	0.86
15 to 20	0.07	0.41	0.72	0.86	1.54	0.00
20 to 25	0.05	0.29	0.61	0.60	1.44	0.06
25 to 30	0.02	0.08	0.34	0.24	0.77	0.22
30 to 50	0.06	0.43	0.91	0.97	2.72	0.80
50 to 70	0.03	0.21	0.54	1.02	2.32	1.27
70 to 100	0.01	0.06	0.48	0.54	1.21	0.03
100 to 200	0.02	0.05	0.20	0.18	2.31	0.00
200 to 500	0.01	0.03	0.33	0.51	1.74	0.31
Above 500	0.01	0.05	0.82	0.26	14.53	89.52
All India	100.00	100.00	100.00	100.00	100.00	100.00

INDUSTRIES IN THE UNREGISTERED SSI SECTOR

5.24

About 619 economic activities as per NIC - 1998 (at 5-digit level) were found in the data file of the unregistered SSI sector. The top 20 economic activities in terms of nature of activity are given in tables UR6 in the Appendix.

PRODUCTS/ SERVICES IN THE UNREGISTERED SSI SECTOR

5.25

About 2,680 products/ Services were found to have been produced/ rendered in the unregistered SSI Sector. Out of these, about 423 products were reserve products. About 92 % of the units had only one product/ service, whereas the remaining 8 % of the units had multiple products/ services. The State-wise details are given in the following table.

TABLE 31: PROFILE OF UNREGD.UNITS HAVING MULTIPLE PROD./ SERVICES, STATE-WISE

S. No.	Name of State/UT	Estimated percentage no. Of unregd. Units producing					Total
S. No.	Name of State/UT	1 Product/ Services	2 Product/ Services	3 Product/ Services	4 Product/ Services	5 Product/ Services	Total
1	JAMMU & KASHMIR	80.75	14.38	3.45	1.42	0.00	100
2	HIMACHAL PRADESH	67.61	23.57	5.42	3.17	0.24	100
3	PUNJAB	89.89	8.68	1.40	0.01	0.03	100
4	CHANDIGARH	85.32	14.62	0.06	0.00	0.00	100
5	UTTARANCHAL	92.26	5.52	1.65	0.57	0.00	100
6	HARYANA	90.47	8.04	1.30	0.18	0.01	100
7	DELHI	90.91	7.75	0.48	0.85	0.00	100
8	RAJASTHAN	93.10	6.09	0.72	0.06	0.02	100
9	UTTAR PRADESH	91.12	5.91	2.44	0.34	0.19	100
10	BIHAR	96.51	3.29	0.17	0.02	0.00	100
11	SIKKIM	66.67	33.33	0.00	0.00	0.00	100
12	ARUNACHAL PRADESH	76.33	2.51	7.92	0.00	13.24	100
13	NAGALAND	15.58	30.11	27.49	21.83	4.99	100
14	MANIPUR	52.73	29.45	15.62	1.91	0.29	100
15	MIZORAM	74.17	9.63	7.66	0.56	7.98	100
16	TRIPURA	88.98	4.21	5.36	1.45	0.00	100
17	MEGHALAYA	87.03	8.33	1.42	0.54	2.69	100
18	ASSAM	89.35	8.77	1.46	0.41	0.01	100
19	WEST BENGAL	90.14	6.92	2.32	0.58	0.05	100
20	JHARKHAND	89.72	8.90	1.38	0.00	0.00	100
21	ORISSA	91.03	6.65	1.89	0.29	0.15	100
22	CHHATTISGARH	88.77	7.46	2.12	0.41	1.25	100
23	MADHYA PRADESH	93.64	5.70	0.56	0.10	0.00	100
24	GUJARAT	99.97	0.03	0.00	0.00	0.00	100
25 & 26	DAMAN & DIU & DADRA & NAGAR HAVELI	94.32	5.68	0.00	0.00	0.00	100
27	MAHARASHTRA	95.32	3.16	1.35	0.13	0.04	100
28	ANDHRA PRADESH	95.42	3.79	0.70	0.09	0.00	100
29	KARNATAKA	90.48	7.51	1.67	0.21	0.13	100
30	GOA	92.89	6.50	0.21	0.00	0.40	100
31	LAKSHADWEEP	85.99	12.50	1.51	0.00	0.00	100
32	KERALA	89.58	7.53	2.30	0.44	0.14	100
33	TAMIL NADU	98.38	1.02	0.59	0.00	0.00	100
34	PONDICHERRY	89.32	7.91	2.30	0.47	0.00	100
35	ANDAMAN & NICOBAR ISLANDS	100.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	100
All India		92.33	5.71	1.54	0.29	0.12	100

5.26

The list of top 200 products/ services in terms of number of units is given in Table UR7 in the Appendix. About 86.5 % of the units produced/ rendered these products/ services. The list of top 200 products/ services contributing to 83 % of the Gross output is given in Table UR8 and the list of top 200 products/ services contributing to 84 % of the total employment is given in Table UR 9 in the Appendix. A total of 382 items of the products reserved for exclusive production in SSI sector were found in production in 8.28% of the total units in the unregistered SSI sector. They accounted for 9.64 % of the total employment in the unregistered SSI sector contributing to 8.7 % of the gross output in the sector and 0.91 % of total exports of the sector. These items accounted for 7.99 % of the market value of Fixed Assets and 8.11 % of total original value of plant and machinery in the unregistered SSI sector. The top 100 reserve products/ services had a share of 8.12 % in the Gross output. The list is given in Table UR10 in the Appendix. The top 100-reserve products/ services in terms of number of units covered 7.87 % of the units in the sector. This list is given in Table UR11 in the Appendix. The top 100 reserve products/ services in terms of employment had a share of 9 % in the total employment. The list is given in Table UR12 in the Appendix.

EMPLOYMENT PROFILE

5.27

The total employment in the unregistered SSI sector is estimated at 1,87,69,284. About 43 % of the units employed only one person. About 99 % of the units employed up to a maximum of 7 persons and these units had a share of about 91 % in the total employment of the sector. The details are given in the following table.

TABLE 32: PRINCIPAL CHARACTERISTICS BY EMPLOYMENT SLABS

No. of persons employed	No. of Unregd. Units	Employment	Fixed Capital	Original value of P & M	Gross Output	Exports
1	42.59	20.75	25.68	26.45	21.41	1.05
2 to 7	56.13	70.48	65.61	64.38	60.70	6.39
8 to 10	0.79	3.42	4.07	4.30	6.32	2.13
11 to 20	0.34	2.41	2.55	2.57	7.01	89.92
21 to 50	0.12	1.78	1.43	1.56	4.07	0.46
51 to 100	0.02	0.81	0.52	0.65	0.40	0.05
Above 100	0.01	0.35	0.14	0.09	0.09	0.00
All India	100.00	100.00	100.00	100.00	100.00	100.00

5.28

The number of female employees was estimated to be 12.48 % and the number of employees belonging to socially backward classes, i.e., SCs, STs and OBCs was 57.59 %. The number of children employed was only 0.51 %. The details of gender and community status of the employees are given below.

TABLE 33

	Employment	Percentage
Total	18769284	100.00
Female	2342781	12.48
SC	2142842	11.42
ST	1121106	5.97
OBC	7545921	40.20
Children	95980	0.51

5.29

The list of top 20 industries in terms of employment generation is given at table UR13 in the Appendix. These industries had a share of 61 % in the total employment in the sector. The details of industries which employed maximum females, SCs, STs, OBCs and Children are given in table no. UR14 in the Appendix.

UNREGISTERED SSI SECTOR REVIEW OF RESULTS